Nonlinear Thermal Analysis for Qing-Tibet Railway Embankments in Cold Regions

Heat convection in ballast mass in railway embankments is a problem of heat convection in porous media. In order to calculate the temperature distribution of the Qing-Tibet railway embankment from the governing equations used to study forced convection for incompressible fluids porous media, detailed finite-element formulas for heat convection in porous media are derived using Galerkin’s method. The temperature distributions on central lines of the traditional railway embankment, the ripped-rock embankment, and the ripped-rock revetment embankment that were constructed on July 15, 2002 have been analyzed and compared on July 15, October 15 in the 24th year after construction, and January 15 in the 25th year after construction under the climatic and geological conditions on the Qing-Tibet Railway. The calculated results indicate that the traditional railway embankment will raise the permafrost temperature under the embankment base and make the permafrost embankment thermally unstable. The ripped-rock embankment and the ripped-rock revetment embankment will reduce the permafrost temperature under the embankment base in cold regions, therefore maintaining the thermal stability of permafrost. However, the ripped-rock embankment needs more rock mass while the ripped-rock revetment embankment need less rock mass, and its construction cost is lower than that of the former. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the ripped-rock revetment embankment be used for the Qing-Tibet railway embankment structure in high temperature permafrost regions so that the permafrost embankment can be protected as much as possible.     

气体传感器的集成化研究状况

集成技术在未来传感器的发展中起重要作用。综述了与集成工艺兼容的气体传感器的研究状况,包括半导体场效应型、晶体管型、薄膜型、微量热计型和声表面波(SAW)型气体传感器。     

一级轻气炮内弹道数值模拟

利用拉格朗日方法跟踪弹后工质的运动规律，采用ＶｏｎＮｅｕｍａｎｎＲｉｃｈｔｍｙｅｒ差分格式对带有坡膛，有限药室工的一级轻气炮进行了内弹道一维数值模拟，对不同的工质，在初温及相对装药量变化的情况下进行了计算，计算结果表明：（１）对同一种工质，初始装填压力ｐ０和ｗ／Ｍ相同时，初温时弹丸的相对初速ｖｇ／ｃ０和炮口压力Ｐｇ几乎没有影响；（２）对同一种工质，在Ｐ０相同时ｖｇ／ｖ０可表示成ｗ／Ｍ的函数，并随ｗ     

激光对望远系统损伤的研究

本文对激光光束通过望远系统后光束的变化进行了分析，并对６倍望远镜进行了激光损伤和破坏的实验研究，实验结果表明，激光对望远系统的损伤破坏主要是热效应所致，损伤破坏的情况与激光的能量，波长，脉冲宽度和望远系统的结构有关。     

复杂形体目标激光散射特征测量系统的研制

复杂形体目标激光散射特征的测量系统中，利用反射式离轴光路满足了可见到远红外波段的测量需要，通过大孔径（250mm）物方远心接收光路实现了对实际远场的模拟测量，以光滑镀金球体作为标准器，可直接获得任意目标散射截面的绝对值。在0．6328、1．06和10．6μm三个波段针对标准器的实测结果表明，平均误差小于4．95％。     

高精度合成地震记录制作技术研究

制作高精度的合成地震记录是精细储层描述的基础，本文在分析合成地震记录原理的基础上，从地震剖面的极性判断、平均速度的选取，反射系数的准确提取，子波的精确估算等方面对制作合成记录的要点进行了分析，通过提高以上四方面的精度，提高了制作合成地震记录的精度，并提出了一套可行的合成地震记录的检查方法。     

Integrated modeling and assessment of water resources and water environment in the Yellow River Basin

An integrated model is established to simulate both hydrological processes and accompanied pollutant transfer processes in the Yellow River Basin. The model couples distributed hydrological model WEP-L (Water and Energy transfer Processes in Large river basins) and a newly developed water quality module which includes simulation functions of soil erosion and sediment transport, and non-point and point sources transfer to rivers. To overcome the defects of traditional water quality assessment, two aspects of improvement are conducted. One is the improvement of the traditional characteristic channel length approach, i.e., the product of multiplying channel length by lateral section area is selected as a new assessment criterion to reflect the different contributions of small channels and big ones, thus making the assessment results more objective. The other is the suggestion of integrated assessment approach for both water at channel lateral sections and water generated in sub-basins. The assessment results in the Yellow River Basin illustrate: (1) the improved characteristic channel length approach shows rivers of water quality worse than Class III account for 75% whilst the traditional approach give a result of 45%, implying that the actual status of water quality is worse than the traditional understanding; (2) the quality of water generated in sub-basins is much better than the quality of water at channel lateral sections. The assessment results describe the status of water resources quantity and quality from different points of view and thus provide valuable information for the water resources development and management in the basin.     

含油蒸汽冷凝液除油中试技术研究

在实验室研究的基础上,建立了1套处理能力为1.0 m3/h的可再生吸附除油中试装置.利用该中试装置,在除油单元添加75 kg改性后的吸油材料,并使冷凝液以下流方式流经除油单元,控制进水流量为1.0 m3/h,进行了600 h的稳定运行试验.结果表明,除油单元对冷凝液中总有机碳(TOC)的去除率不低于85%,装置出水的电导率小于1.0 μS/cm,TOC质量浓度小于0.5 mg/L,SiO2质量浓度小于18 μg/L,其水质完全符合二级脱盐水的质量要求.